People who do crisis training will tell you "first responders" is a misnomer for official responders. In any case, the true first responders are the victims. That said, arming teachers creates all sorts of new problems, not the least of which is that most teachers will tell you, regardless of their views on guns, they want no part of packing heat in their classrooms. Why? BECAUSE GUNS DON'T BELONG IN SCHOOLS.
I don't think we can maintain our right to bear arms without stuff like this happening once in a while. There really is no perfect solution I can see to people being born crazy or driven that way. The perfectly sane, upright citizen who passed a background check today might get screwed over by someone tomorrow, and then we're all dealing with another unstable person with ill intentions and an assault rifle (bad combination). That said, it seems to me that raising the age for purchasing assault rifles to 21 (while it wouldn't stop most shootings) could certainly do something to prevent school shootings, being as most school shooters have been students or recent students. The bump stock thing seems like common sense to me, but it likely won't solve much either.
My crazy idea? Teach all kids martial arts self-defense skills in PE class. Teach them how to neutralize scum by non-lethal, yet utterly bad a$$ means. They'll get a real "kick" out of it, it will be great exercise, and, when the time comes, they'll be prepared to go full Chuck Norris on a shooter. I'd say, considering the way we've seen kids take charge and help others while these events are happening, that it's pretty likely a few kids would be brave enough to do just that if they were trained. Could save the military a lot on self-defense training and make our civilians a fearsome fighting force. Would probably do a lot to discourage bullying, too....
Told you it was crazy, but I don't think it's as crazy as the notion that more guns will end gun violence.